Colposcope

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It is important to explain the examination procedure and reassure the woman before colposcopy. This will ensure that the woman relaxes during the procedure.
Written informed consent should be obtained from the woman before the colposcopic examination.
Relevant medical and reproductive history should be obtained before the procedure.
A strict adherence to the essential steps involved in colposcopic examination ensures that common errors are avoided.
It is important to visualize the squamocolumnar junction in its entire circumference, otherwise, the colposcopic procedure is termed ‘unsatisfactory’.
One should identify the transformation zone (TZ) during the colposcopic procedure. The proximal limit of the TZ is defined by the squamocolumnar junction, while the distal limit of the transformation zone is identified by finding the most distal crypt openings or nabothian follicles in the lips of the cervix and by drawing an imaginary line connecting these landmarks.
It is essential to obtain directed biopsies, under colposcopic control, from abnormal/-suspicious areas identified. Colposcopy during pregnancy requires considerable experience. As pregnancy progresses, cervical biopsy is associated with increased probability and severity of bleeding, which is often difficult to control. The risk of biopsy should always be weighed against the risk of missing an early invasive cancer. Non-invasive lesions may be evaluated post-partum.